What are the three conductors in a typical, modern 3-wire wall outlet in the U.S.?

In a typical modern 3-wire wall outlet in the U.S., the three conductors are Hot, Neutral, and Ground. The Hot wire carries the electrical current from the power source to the outlet, providing the necessary energy for appliances and devices. The Neutral wire serves as a return path, completing the electrical circuit and allowing current to safely return to the power source. The Ground wire is a safety feature designed to protect against electrical faults by providing a path for excess current to safely dissipate into the earth, preventing potential electric shocks.

Recognizing the importance of these conductors is vital in understanding how electrical systems function safely and effectively. Each of these wires serves a distinct purpose, which contributes to the overall safety and efficiency of electrical installations in homes and buildings.